Changelog
Source:NEWS.md
BPCells 1.0 Roadmap
-
Parallelization(basic support complete. See below) - Native python library (re-using C++ backend)
- Peak-gene correlations
- MACS peak calling
Contributions welcome :)
BPCells 0.2.1 (main branch - in progress)
Features
-
apply_by_col()
andapply_by_row()
allow providing custom R functions to compute per row/col summaries. In initial tests calculating row/col means using R functions is ~2x slower than the C++-based implementation but memory usage remains low. - Add
rowMaxs()
andcolMaxs()
functions, which return the maximum value in each row or column of a matrix. IfmatrixStats
orMatrixGenerics
packages are installed,BPCells::rowMaxs()
will fall back to their implementations for non-BPCells objects. Thanks to @immanuelazn for their first contribution as a new lab hire! - Add
regress_out()
to allow removing unwanted sources of variation via least squares linear regression models. Thanks to @ycli1995 for pull request #110 - Add
trackplot_genome_annotation()
for plotting peaks, with options for directional arrows, colors, labels, and peak widths. (pull request #113)
Improvements
-
trackplot_loop()
now accepts discrete color scales
BPCells 0.2.0 (6/14/2024)
We are finally declaring a new release version, covering a large amount of changes and improvements over the past year. Among the major features here are parallelization options for svds()
and matrix_stats()
, improved genomic track plots, and runtime CPU feature detection for SIMD code (enables higher performance, more portable builds). Full details of changes below.
This version also comes with a new installation path, which is done in preparation for a future Python package release. (So we can have one folder for R and one for Python, rather than having all the R files sit in the root folder). This is a breaking change and requires a slightly modified installation command.
Thanks to @brgew, @ycli1995, and @Yunuuuu for pull requests that contributed to this release, as well as all users who submitted github issues to help identify and fix bugs.
Breaking changes
- Installation location has changed, to make room for a future python package release. New installs will have to use
remotes::install_github("bnprks/BPCells/r")
(note the additional/r
)- r-universe mirrors will have to add
"subdir": "r"
to theirpackages.json
config.
- r-universe mirrors will have to add
- New slots have been added to 10x matrix objects, so any saved RDS files may need to have their 10x matrix inputs re-opened and replaced by calling
all_matrix_inputs()
. Outside of loading old RDS files no changes should be needed. -
trackplot_gene()
now returns a plot with a facet label to match the new trackplot system. This label can be removed by by callingtrackplot_gene(...) + ggplot2::facet_null()
to be equivalent to the old function’s output.
Deprecations
-
draw_trackplot_grid()
deprecated, replaced bytrackplot_combine()
with simplified arguments -
trackplot_bulk()
has been deprecated, replaced bytrackplot_coverage()
with equivalent functionality - The old function names will output deprecation warnings, but otherwise work as before.
Features
- New
svds()
function, based on the excellent Spectra C++ library (used in RSpectra) by Yixuan Qiu. This should ensure lower memory usage compared toirlba
, while achieving similar speed + accuracy. - Limited parallelization is now supported. This is easiest to use via the
threads
argument tomatrix_stats()
andsvds()
.- All normalizations are supported, but a few operations like
marker_features()
and writing a matrix to disk remain single-threaded. - Running
svds()
with many threads on gene-major matrices can result in high memory usage for now. This problem is not present for cell-major matrices.
- All normalizations are supported, but a few operations like
- Reading text-based MatrixMarket inputs (e.g. from 10x or Parse) is now supported via
import_matrix_market()
and the convenience functionimport_matrix_market_10x()
. Our implementation uses disk-backed sorting to allow importing large files with low memory usage. - Added
binarize()
function and associated generics<
,<=
,>
, and>=
. This only supports comparison with non-negative numbers currently. (Thanks to contribution from @brgew) - Added
round()
matrix transformation (Thanks to contributions from @brgew) - Add getter/setter function
all_matrix_inputs()
to help enable relocating the underlying storage for BPCells matrix transform objects. - All hdf5-writing functions now support a
gzip_level
parameter, which will enable a shuffle + gzip filter for compression. This is generally much slower than bitpacking compression, but it adds improved storage options for files that must be read by outside programs. Thanks to @ycli1995 for submitting this improvement in pull #42. - AnnData export now supported via
write_matrix_anndata_hdf5()
(issue #49) - Re-licensed code base to use dual-licensed Apache V2 or MIT instead of GPLv3
- Assigning to a subset is now supported (e.g.
m1[i,j] <- m2
). Note that this does not modify data on disk. Instead, it uses a series of subsetting and concatenation operations to provide the appearance of overwriting the appropriate entries. - Added
knn_to_geodesic_graph()
, which matches the Scanpy default construction for graph-based clustering - Add
checksum()
, which allows for calculating an MD5 checksum of a matrix contents. Thanks to @brgrew for submitting this improvement in pull request #83 -
write_insertion_bedgraph()
allows exporting pseudobulk insertion data to bedgraph format
Improvements
- Merging fragments with
c()
now handles inputs with mismatched chromosome names. - Merging fragments is now 2-3.5x faster
- SNN graph construction in
knn_to_snn_graph()
should work more smoothly on large datasets due to C++ implementation - Reduced memory usage in
marker_features()
for samples with millions of cells and a large number of clusters to compare. - On Windows, increased the maximum number of files that can be simultaneously open. Previously, opening >63 compressed counts matrices simultaneously would hit the limit. Now at least 1,000 simultaneous matrices should be possible.
- Subsetting peak or tile matrices with
[
now propagates through so we always avoid computing parts of the peak/tile matrix that have been discarded by our subset. Subsetting a tile matrix will automatically convert into a peak matrix when possible for improved efficiency. - Subsetting RowBindMatrices and ColBindMatrices now propagates through so we avoid touching matrices with no selected indices
- Added logic to help reduce cases where subsetting causes BPCells to fall back to a less efficient matrix-vector multiply algorithm. This affects most math transforms. As part of this, the filtering part of a subset will propagate to earlier transformation steps, while the reordering will not. Thanks to @nimanouri-nm for raising issue #65 to fix a bug in the initial implementation.
- Additional C++17 filesystem backwards compatibility that should allow slightly older compilers such as GCC 7.5 to build BPCells.
-
as.matrix()
will produce integer matrices when appropriate (Thanks to @Yunuuuu in pull #77) - 10x HDF5 matrices can now read and write non-integer types when requested (Thanks to @ycli1995 in pull #75)
- Old-style 10x files from cellranger v2 can now read multi-genome files, which are returned as a list (Thanks to @ycli1995 in pull #75)
- Trackplots have received several improvements
- Trackplots now use faceting to provide per-plot labels, leading to an easier-to-use
trackplot_combine()
-
trackplot_gene()
now draws arrows for the direction of transcription -
trackplot_loop()
is a new track type allows plotting interactions between genomic regions, for instance peak-gene correlations or loop calls from Hi-C -
trackplot_scalebar()
is added to show genomic scale - All trackplot functions now return ggplot objects with additional metadata stored for the plotting height of each track
- Labels and heights for trackplots can be adjusted using
set_trackplot_label()
andset_trackplot_height()
- The getting started pbmc 3k vignette now includes the updated trackplot APIs in its final example
- Trackplots now use faceting to provide per-plot labels, leading to an easier-to-use
- Add
rowVars()
andcolVars()
functions, as convenience wrappers aroundmatrix_stats()
. IfmatrixStats
orMatrixGenerics
packages are installed,BPCells::rowVars()
will fall back to their implementations for non-BPCells objects. Unfortunately,matrixStats::rowVars()
is not generic, so eitherBPCells::rowVars()
orBPCells::colVars()
- Optimize mean and variance calculations for matrices added to a per-row or per-column constant.
- Migrate SIMD code to use
highway
.- Adds run-time detection of CPU features to eliminate architecture-specific compilation
- For now, the
Pow
SIMD implementation is removed, butSquare
gets a new SIMD implementation - Empirically, most operations using SIMD math instructions are about 2x faster. This includes
log1p()
, andsctransform_pearson()
- Minor speedups on dense-sparse matrix multiply functions (1.1-1.5x faster)
Bug-fixes
- Fixed a few fragment transforms where using
chrNames(frags) <- val
orcellNames(frags) <- val
could cause downstream errors. - Fixed errors in
transpose_storage_order()
for matrices with >4 billion non-zero entries. - Fixed error in
transpose_storage_order()
for matrices with no non-zero entries. - Fixed bug writing fragment files with >512 chromosomes.
- Fixed bug when reading fragment files with >4 billion fragments.
- Fixed file permissions errors when using read-only hdf5 files (Issue #26 reported thanks to @ttumkaya)
- Renaming
rownames()
orcolnames()
is now propagated when saving matrices (Issue #29 reported thanks to @realzehuali, with an additional fix after report thanks to @Dario-Rocha) - Fixed 64-bit integer overflow (!) that could cause incorrect p-value calculations in
marker_features()
for features with more than 2.6 million zeros. - Improved robustness of the Windows installation process for setups that do not need the -lsz linker flag to compile hdf5
- Fixed possible memory safety bug where wrapped R objects (such as dgCMatrix) could be potentially garbage collected while C++ was still trying to access the data in rare circumstances.
- Fixed case when dimnames were not preserved when calling
convert_matrix_type()
twice in a row such that it cancels out (e.g. double -> uint32_t -> double). Thanks to @brgrew reporting issue #43 - Caused and fixed issue resulting in unusably slow performance reading matrices from HDF5 files. Broken versions range from commit 21f8dcf until the fix in 3711a40 (October 18-November 3, 2023). Thanks to @abhiachoudhary for reporting this in issue #53
- Fixed error with
svds()
not handling row-major matrices correctly. Thanks to @ycli1995 for reporting this in issue #55 - Fixed error with row/col name handling for AnnData matrices. Thanks to @lisch7 for reporting this in issue #57
- Fixed error with merging matrices of different data types. Thanks to @Yunuuuu for identifying the issue and providing a fix (#68 and #70)
- Fixed issue with losing dimnames on subset assignment
[<-
. Thanks to @Yunuuuu for identifying the issue #67 - Fixed incorrect results with some cases of scaling matrix after shifting. Thanks to @Yunuuuu for identifying the issue #72
- Fixed infinite loop bug when calling
transpose_storage_order()
on a densely-transformed matrix. Thanks to @Yunuuuu for reporting this in issue #71 - h5ad outputs will now subset properly when loaded by the Python anndata package (Thanks to issue described by @ggruenhagen3 in issue #49 and fixed by @ycli1995 in pull #81)
- Disk-backed fragment objects now load via absolute path, matching the behavior of matrices and making it so objects loaded via
readRDS()
can be used from different working directories. -
footprints()
now respects user interrupts via Ctrl-C
BPCells 0.1.0 (4/7/2023)
Features
- ATAC-seq Analysis
- Reading/writing 10x fragment files on disk
- Reading/writing compressed fragments on disk (in folder or hdf5 group)
- Interconversion of fragments objects with GRanges / data.frame
- Merging of multiple source fragment files transparently at run time
- Calculation of Cell x Peak matrices, and Cell x Tile matrices
- ArchR-compatible QC calculations
- ArchR-compatible gene activity score calculations
- Filtering fragments by chromosmes, cells, lengths, or genomic region
- Fast peak calling approximation via overlapping tiles
- Single cell matrices
- Conversion to/from R sparse matrices
- Read-write access to 10x hdf5 feature matrices, and read-only access to AnnData files
- Reading/writing of compressed matrices on disk (in folder or hdf5 group)
- Support for integer or single/double-precision floating point matrices on disk
- Fast transposition of storage order, to switch between indexing by cell or by gene/feature.
- Concatenation of multiple source matrix files transparently at run time
- Single-pass calculation of row/column mean and variance
- Wilcoxon marker feature calculation
- Transparent handling of vector
+
,-
,*
,/
, andlog1p
for streaming normalization, along with other less common operations. This allows implementation of ATAC-seq LSI and Seurat default normalization, along with most published log-based normalizations. - SCTransform pearson residual calculation
- Multiplication of sparse matrices
- Single cell plotting utilities
- Read count knee cutoffs
- UMAP embeddings
- Dot plots
- Transcription factor footprinting / TSS profile plotting
- Fragments vs. TSS Enrichment ATAC-seq QC plot
- Pseudobulk genome track plots, with gene annotation plots
- Additional utility functions
- Matching gene symbols/IDs to canonical symbols
- Download transcript annotations from Gencode or GTF files
- Download + parse UCSC chromosome sizes
- Parse peak files BED format; Download ENCODE blacklist region
- Wrappers for knn graph calculation + clustering
Note: All operations interoperate with all storage formats. For example, all matrix operations can be applied directly to an AnnData or 10x matrix file. In many cases the bitpacking-compressed formats will provide performance/space advantages, but are not required to use the computations.